Corso di laurea in Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche

GENERAL AND INORGANIC CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY

GENERAL AND INORGANIC CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY

Anno accademico 2017/2018

Sommario insegnamento

• Obiettivi formativi
• Risultati dell'apprendimento attesi
• Modalità di insegnamento
• Modalità di verifica dell'apprendimento
• Programma
• Testi consigliati e bibliografia
• Strumenti didattici

Obiettivi formativi

This course provides an introduction to the basic principles of chemical science. The emphasis is on basic principles of atomic and molecular electronic structure, thermodynamics, acid-base and redox equilibria, chemical kinetics. Its main purposes are: a) to provide a robust knowledge of the basic concepts of chemistry (general chemistry) b) to make the student confident with stoichiometry problems, with particular attention to the chemistry of aqueous solutions. c) to provide the basics of safe manipulation of chemical substances (in laboratory)

Risultati dell'apprendimento attesi

At the end of the course the student is expected to gain an understanding of:

1. the fundamental properties of atoms, molecules, and the various states of matter with an emphasis on the particulate nature of matter
2. fundamental atomic structure and the periodicity of elements in the periodic table
3. simple quantum mechanical treatments of atoms and molecules
4. how to predict molecular geometries of selected molecular species
5. the fundamentals of acid/base reactions, redox reactions and precipitation reactions
6. energy flow in chemical reactions
7. current bonding models for simple inorganic and organic molecules in order to predict structures and important bonding parameters
8. the concept of mole and the use of stoichiometry
9. the “gas laws” governing the physical/chemical behavior of gases
10. common laboratory techniques

Modalità di insegnamento

The course will be tought in english. Practical training will be provided during specific training sessions. Common laboratory techniques will be introduced during practical laboratory experiments.

Modalità di verifica dell'apprendimento

The final examination will consist of a written test, mainly based on stoichiometry problem sets and an oral examination evaluating the student understanding of chemical principles.

Programma

1. Basic chemical principles. The properties of substances. Substances and mixtures. The composition of matter. Elements, atomic mass and atomic number. Isotopes. Moles and molar mass. Empirical, molecular and structural formulas. Structural isomers. 2. Atomic structure. Fundamental particles. The nuclear atom. Electromagnetic waves. The photoelectric effect and the wave-particle duality of light. The Bohr atom. Wave-particle duality of matter, Schrodinger equation. Hydrogen atom energy levels and wave functions (orbitals) Photoelectron spectroscopy and multielectron atoms and electron configurations. Periodic trends, quantum mechanical origin of the periodicity of the Periodic Table of the elements. 3. Chemical bond. Ionic bonds, covalent bonds, Lewis structures. Polar covalent bonds, dipole moments in molecules. Molecular geometry and VSEPR theory. Molecular orbital theory. Valence bond theory and hybridization. Fundamental chemical properties of main group elements. Intermolecular forces. 4. The properties of gases. Gas laws. The kinetic theory of gases. Real gases. The properties of liquids. Surface tension, vapour pressure, phase equilibria and phase diagrams. Raoult law, colligative properties. The structures and properties of solids. 5. Energy, heat, work and thermochemistry. The first law of thermodynamics. Enthalpy and enthalpy of chemical change. Enthalpy of formation. Entropy and spontaneous change. The second law of thermodynamics. Free energy. Chemical equilibrium. Le Chatellier’s principle. Heterogeneous equilibria. Aqueous solution equilibria. Acid-base equilibria. Acid-base definitions (Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowrie, Lewis). Water autoionization. Weak acids and bases. The structure and strenghts of acids. Proton concentration and pH. Polyprotic acids and bases. Salt sas acids and bases (hydrolysis equilibria). Buffer solutions. Solubility equilibria. 6. Electrochemistry. Electrochemical cells. Standard reduction potentials. Reference electrode. Cell potential and reaction free energy. Nernst equation. Electrolysis. Faraday’s laws. 7. Chemical kinetics. Reaction rates and rate laws. Reaction order. First order reactions. The half-life of first order reactions. 14C dating. Controlling rates of reactions. The Arrhenius Law. 8. Descriptive inorganic chemistry–chemical properties of the main groups of the periodic table. 9. In-class problems and examples with emphasis on stoichiometry problems. 10. Laboratory experiences related to: acid-base equilibria, buffer solutions, redox reactions, synthesis and reactivity of inorganic compounds.

Atkins, Peter, and Loretta Jones. Chemical Principles: The Quest for Insight. 5th ed. New York, NY: W.H. Freeman and Company, 2010. ISBN: 9781429209656.

• Materiale didattico
• Bacheca appelli
• Vai a Moodle
• Visita i forum